Sehonghong (SA)
Basic information
Sample name: Sehonghong (SA)

Reference: I. Plug and P. Mitchell. 2008. Sehonghong: hunter-gatherer utilization of animal resources in the highlands of Lesotho. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 45:31-53 [ER 3742]
Geography
Country: Lesotho

State: Thaba-Tseka

Coordinate: 30° 46' S, 29° 47' E
Latlng basis: stated in text

Time interval: Holocene

Section: 3742

Unit number: 4

Unit order: above to below

Max Ma: 0.00974

Min Ma: 0.00928

Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)

Geography comments: "Sehonghong is a large rock-shelter on the banks of the Sehonghong River, close to its confluence with the Senqu (Orange/Gariep) in the Thaba Tseka District of the highlands of Lesotho. The site lies at an elevation of 1800 m above sea level".
Two radiocarbon determinations bracket Layer SA to between 9740 ± 140 BP and 9280 ± 45 BP.

Environment
Lithology: ash

Taphonomic context: human accumulation, rock shelter

Archaeology: hearths, stone tools

Habitat comments: "Layer SA (Sandy Ash) consists of a series of mottled orange-brown sandy loams, most strongly developed toward the front of the excavation trench, in the rear of which firmer, white ashy units were found. The layer included one hearth together with an Oakhurst stone tool assemblage".
"While not all of the animal remains in the deposit would have been accumulated by people, the intense degree of fragmentation and burning that characterizes the Sehonghong assemblages strongly suggests that people were responsible for acquiring almost all of the faunal remains".

Methods
Life forms: carnivores, primates, rodents, ungulates, other large mammals, other small mammals, birds, lizards, snakes, frogs, fishes, crustaceans, clams, snails

Sampling methods: quarry, screenwash

Sample size: 719 specimens

Sampled by: P. Mitchell

Years: 1992

Net or trap nights: 0

Basal area status: not applicable

Sampling comments: "The primary excavation of the site was conducted by P. Mitchell in 1992. All sediment removed from the deposits was dry-sieved through a 1.5 mm mesh".
"Layer SA was excavated in 24 units with 140 buckets of deposit removed".

Metadata
Sample no: 3982

Contributor no: Benjamin Carter

Enterer: Benjamin Carter

Created: 2022-08-25 13:53:15

Modified: 2023-05-30 01:41:15

Abundance distribution
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts. Values are logged.
Statistics
31 species
7 singletons
total count 719
geometric series index: 46.0
Fisher's α: 6.595
geometric series k: 0.8447
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.8979
Shannon's H: 2.6381
Good's u: 0.9903
Register
Papio hamadryas (hamadryas baboon)1612.0 kg
Canis mesomelas (black-backed jackal)37.9 kg
Herpestidae indet.4
Caracal caracal (caracal)1
also 1 Felidae and 1 Carnivora indet.
Equus quagga (plains zebra)28
also 1 Equus sp.
Procavia capensis (rock hyrax)1582.8 kg
Connochaetes gnou (black wildebeest)49
Alcelaphus buselaphus (hartebeest)4
Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi (bontebok)1
also 4 Alcelaphinae indet.
Sylvicapra grimmia (common duiker)413.0 kg
Antidorcas marsupialis (springbok)140.0 kg
Oreotragus oreotragus (klipspringer)66
Ourebia ourebi (oribi)914.0 kg
Raphicerus campestris (steenbok)129.7 kg
Pelea capreolus (grey rhebok)6716.0 kg
Hippotragus equinus (roan)1246.0 kg
Taurotragus oryx (common eland)18
"Tragelaphus oryx"
Redunca fulvorufula (mountain reedbuck)1029.0 kg
also 525 Bovidae indet.
Hystrix africaeaustralis 215.0 kg
Otomys sp. 67
also 54 Rodentia indet.
Lepus saxatilis 222.0 kg
also 1 Lepus sp. and 59 Lagomorpha indet.
Scleroptila cf. afra 3
"Scleroptila cf. africanus"; also 55 Aves indet.
Varanus sp. 1
also 6 Lacertilia indet.
Serpentes indet.8
also 2 Reptilia indet.
Anura indet.16
"Frog/toad"
Potamonautes sp. 1
Achatina sp. 47
also 3 Gastropoda indet.
Unionidae indet.3
Labeobarbus aeneus 84
Labeo capensis 12
also 345 Labeoninae indet.
Austroglanis sclateri 1