Abundance: 0.09 to 48.77% (median 5.37%)

Latitudinal range: 29.2° to 37.8°

Habitats: (19), Mediterranean woodland (2), temperate broadleaf/mixed forest (1)

Found in 22 samples

Iran: Ilam, Wezmeh Cave (Late Pleistocene), Tappeh Sang-e Chakhmaq (West Mound) (Holocene), Tappeh Sang-e Chakhmaq (East Mound) (Holocene), Qasr-e Ahmad (Holocene)

Israel: Qesem Cave (Concentration 1) (Middle Pleistocene), Qesem Cave (Concentration 2) (Middle Pleistocene), Manot Cave (Area D, Biogenic Unit) (Late Pleistocene), Motza (Early PPNB) (Holocene), Motza (Middle PPNB) (Holocene), Tel Ro'im West (Late PPNB) (Holocene), Tel Ro'im West (PPNC) (Holocene), Tel Ro'im West (PN) (Holocene), Yiftah'el (Holocene), Marj Rabba (Holocene), El-Wad Cave (Early Natufian) (Late Pleistocene), El-Wad Cave (Late Natufian) (Late Pleistocene)

Jordan: Dibbeen Nature Reserve

Lebanon: Moghr el-Ahwal Cave 3 (Phases F & E) (Late Pleistocene)

Morocco: Ifri El Baroud (Unit B2) (Late Pleistocene)

Turkey: Madran Mountain, Direkli Cave (Holocene)

See also Testudo, Testudo brevitesta, Testudo hermanni, Testudo marmorum, Testudo sp.