Borsuka Cave (Layer III)
Basic information
Sample name: Borsuka Cave (Layer III)
Reference: J. Wilczynski, B. Miekina, G. Lipecki, L. Lougas, A. Marciszak, B. Rzebik-Kowalska, E. Stworzewicz, Z. Szyndlar, and K. Wertz. 2012. Faunal remains from Borsuka Cave - an example of local climate variability during Late Pleistocene in southern Poland. Acta zoologica cracoviensia 55(2):131-155 [ER 3087]
Geography
Country: Poland
Coordinate: 50° 9' 54" N, 19° 42' 12" E
Coordinate basis: stated in text
Time interval: Holocene
Section: 3087
Unit number: 2
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 0.004175
Min Ma: 0.00392
Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)
Geography comments: "Borsuka Cave is located about 20 km west of Kraków, in the Kraków Valleys Landscape Park".
"A mandible fragment from a wildcat and a fragment of humerus bone of a badger, both obtained from layer III, were radiocarbon dated to 3,920 ± 35 BP and 4,175 ± 35 BP, respectively".
"A mandible fragment from a wildcat and a fragment of humerus bone of a badger, both obtained from layer III, were radiocarbon dated to 3,920 ± 35 BP and 4,175 ± 35 BP, respectively".
Environment
Lithology: claystone
Taphonomic context: cave,human accumulation
Archaeology: ceramics,stone tools
Habitat comments: "Layer III consists of red-dark brown clayish sediment, within which there were numerous strongly weathered siliceous chunks measuring up to 50 cm in diameter".
This layer yielded almost 188 flint artefacts. These contain both Mesolithic and Eneolithic/Early Bronze Age specimens, including microliths, flakes, and discoid cores. Intense human activity is also evidenced by the many small fragments of burned bones from this layer".
This layer yielded almost 188 flint artefacts. These contain both Mesolithic and Eneolithic/Early Bronze Age specimens, including microliths, flakes, and discoid cores. Intense human activity is also evidenced by the many small fragments of burned bones from this layer".
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,rodents,ungulates,other small mammals,birds
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 32 specimens
Years: 2008 - 2010
Sampling comments: "A trench of 4 x 3 m was situated next to the visible cave entrance and oriented with its longer side along the north-south axis. It covered a ditch of modern times, with dimensions of c. 120 x 120 cm and a depth of approximately 80 cm. In total, the excavation reached a depth of 2.5 m over an area of 12 m2".
Metadata
Sample number: 4075
Contributor: Benjamin Carter
Enterer: Benjamin Carter
Created: 2023-02-20 15:53:13
Modified: 2023-04-29 00:46:29
Abundance distribution
9 species
5 singletons
total count 32
geometric series index: 27.6
Fisher's α: 4.163
geometric series k: 0.7071
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.6875
Shannon's H: 1.5972
Good's u: 0.8457
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Gallus gallus domesticus | 1 | 29.1 g frugivore-granivore |
| "Gallus gallus forma domestica" | ||
| Mustela sp. | 2 | |
| eversmanii or putorius | ||
| Meles meles | 16 | 11 kg invertivore-herbivore |
| Ursus arctos | 1 | 156 kg frugivore-carnivore |
| Felis silvestris | 1 | 4.5 kg carnivore |
| Cervus elaphus | 1 | 104 kg |
| Castor fiber | 1 | |
| Cricetus cricetus | 6 | |
| Lepus sp. | 3 | |