Ewass Oldupa (Trench 2)
Basic information
Sample name: Ewass Oldupa (Trench 2)
Sample aka: Geological Locality 63; Oldupai Gorge; Olduvai Gorge
Reference: J. Mercader, P. Akuku, N. Boivin, R. Bugumba, P. Bushozi, A. Camacho, T. Carter, S. Clarke, A. Cueva-Temprana, P. Durkin, J. Favreau, K. Fella, S. Haberle, S. Hubbard, J. Inwood, M. Itambu, S. Koromo, P. Lee, A. Mohammed, A. Mwambwiga, L. Olesilau, R. Patalano, P. Roberts, S. Rule, P. Saladie, G. Siljedal, M. Soto, Umbsaar, and Petraglia. 2021. Earliest Olduvai hominins exploited unstable environments ~ 2 million years ago. Nature Communications 12(3):1-15 [ER 3876]
Geography
Country: Tanzania
Coordinate: -2.95° S, 35.24° E
Coordinate basis: estimated from map
Time interval: Early Pleistocene
Max Ma: 2.015
Min Ma: 2
Age basis: Ar-Ar
Geography comments: coordinate estimated based on Fig. 1
the fossils are from Lower Bed 1 (see Fig. 1), which is bracketed by argon dates of 2.015 +/- 0.006 and about 2 Ma
the fossils are from Lower Bed 1 (see Fig. 1), which is bracketed by argon dates of 2.015 +/- 0.006 and about 2 Ma
Environment
Lithology: conglomerate
Taphonomic context: fluvial deposit
Archaeology: stone tools
Habitat comments: Lower Bed I facies include a "conglomeratic channel fill deposit... waxy claystones from trench 3... multi-storey fluvial channel belt deposits in trench 2"
specifically, trench 2 is "a multi-storey channel belt prograding into the lake", trench 3 is "a transgressive lakeshore", and trench 5 is "a sinuous channel flowing east"
there are 151, 188, an 201 artefacts in trenches 2, 3, and 5
there is "a lack of human modified fauna"
specifically, trench 2 is "a multi-storey channel belt prograding into the lake", trench 3 is "a transgressive lakeshore", and trench 5 is "a sinuous channel flowing east"
there are 151, 188, an 201 artefacts in trenches 2, 3, and 5
there is "a lack of human modified fauna"
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,primates,ungulates,other small mammals,birds,turtles,other reptiles
Sampling methods: quarry,screenwash
Sample size: 121 specimens
Sampling comments: "Sediments from each trench were dry-sieved (0.5 cm mesh)"
Metadata
Sample number: 4254
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2023-04-25 15:36:10
Modified: 2023-04-25 05:42:24
Abundance distribution
13 species
2 singletons
total count 121
geometric series index: 19.8
Fisher's α: 3.694
geometric series k: 0.7140
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7392
Shannon's H: 1.8580
Good's u: 0.9837
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Tragelaphus strepsiceros | 4 | 189 kg browser-grazer |
| †Hippopotamus cf. gorgops | 2 | |
| Phacochoerus cf. africanus | 5 | 82 kg grazer-browser |
| Equus sp. | 7 | |
| plus one Perissodactyla | ||
| Panthera sp. | 1 | |
| plus seven Carnivora | ||
| Lepus sp. | 3 | |
| Crocuta crocuta | 2 | 66 kg carnivore |
| †Atelerix broomi | 1 | |
| "Erinaceus broomi": this is a species of Atelerix according to Edwards et al. (2019, PeerJ) | ||
| †Theropithecus oswaldi | 4 | |
| Testudines indet. | 57 | |
| "Chelonia" | ||
| Crocodylus sp. | 12 | |
| Aves indet. | 13 | |
| Proboscidea indet. | 10 | |