Sus scrofa (ungulate)
Variant names: Sus domestica, Sus domesticus

Mass: 54 kg based on Kurz and Marchinton 1972 and Sakai et al. 2003

Diet: herbivore based on Kurz and Marchinton 1972

Abundance: 0.01 to 87.01% (median 5.13%)

Latitudinal range: -40.5° to 55.7°

Habitats: (207), Mediterranean woodland (3), boreal forest/taiga (1), desert/xeric shrubland (5), mangrove (1), temperate broadleaf/mixed forest (30), temperate coniferous forest (5), temperate savanna (2), tropical/subtropical coniferous forest (1), tropical/subtropical dry broadleaf forest (27), tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest (26), tropical/subtropical savanna (3)

Biogeographic distribution: Indomalaya, Palearctic, Central Asia, East Asia, Europe, North Africa, Southwest Asia

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view a larger map

Found in 311 samples

Algeria: Gueldaman Cave GLD1 (UA1) (Holocene), Gueldaman Cave GLD1 (UA2) (Holocene), Gueldaman Cave GLD1 (UA3) (Holocene), Gueldaman Cave GLD1 (UA4) (Holocene)

Argentina: Acambuco, Lanín National Park, Meliquina Valley

Armenia: Godedzor Level II C (Holocene), Godedzor Level II B (Holocene)

Australia: Taunton National Park, Einasleigh Uplands

Bangladesh: Sundarbans East Wildlife Sanctuary, Patharia Hill, Rajkandi, Tarap Hill

Belgium: Hof van Leugenhaeghe (Holocene)

Bhutan: Lamai Goempa Research Preserve

Bulgaria: Osogovo Mountain (Natura 2000 study), Osogovo Mountain (intensive study), Osogovo Mountain (opportunistic study)

Cambodia: Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhep Wildlife Sanctuary, Mondulkiri Protected Forest, Boh Dambang (Late Pleistocene), Vat Komnou (Holocene)

Canada: St. Brieux (winter 2011), St. Brieux (spring 2012)

China: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (camera traps), Wanglang National Nature Reserve, Nonggang National Nature Reserve, Gutianshan National Nature Reserve, Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, Nangunhe Nature Reserve, Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, Tangjiahe Nature Reserve, Guanyinshan Nature Reserve, Huangshan Mountain Scenic Area, Dazhushan (Late Pleistocene), Songhua River (Late Pleistocene), Hunchun National Reserve (winter), Hunchun National Reserve (summer), Tengchong Section, Qinling Mountains, Wanglang Nature Reserve (2020), Foping National Nature Reserve (2020), Kanas National Nature Reserve, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, Laonainaimiao (Layer 3F) (Late Pleistocene), Laonainaimiao (Layer 3B) (Late Pleistocene), Taosi (Holocene), Zhoujiazhuang (Holocene), Mocun Cave (Late Pleistocene), Guandimiao (Holocene), Shuangta (Holocene), Gouwan (Holocene), Muzhuzhuliang (Holocene), Huoshiliang (Holocene), Tianluoshan (Holocene), Nanshan (Late Pleistocene), Cunkong Cave (Holocene), Lower Pubu Cave (Late Pleistocene), Wuyun Cave (Middle Pleistocene), Ganxian Cave (Middle Pleistocene), Yanlidong (Late Stage) (Late Pleistocene)

Colombia: Palmar de Altamira (bosque), Palmar de Altamira (sabana)

Croatia: Northern Velebit National Park, Mujina Pecina (Level B) (Late Pleistocene)

Denmark: Mullerup (bone tools) (Holocene), Mullerup (waste) (Holocene), Mullerup (unidentified) (Holocene), Smakkerup Huse (Holocene)

Ecuador: Refugio de Vida Silvestre Marina y Costera Pacoche

Egypt: Berenike Trogodytika (fort) (Holocene), Berenike Trogodytika (dump) (Holocene), Berenike Trogodytika (gate) (Holocene)

France: Côte d’Or, Salève, Mas d'Azil (Late Pleistocene), Les Canalettes (Layer 2) (Late Pleistocene), Les Canalettes (Layer 3) (Late Pleistocene), Les Canalettes (Layer 4) (Late Pleistocene), Coudoulous I (Faunal Unit III) (Middle Pleistocene), Coudoulous I (Faunal Units IV and V) (Middle Pleistocene), Coudoulous I (Faunal Unit VI) (Middle Pleistocene), Vergisson II (Late Pleistocene), Payre (ensemble G) (Middle Pleistocene), Payre (ensemble F) (Middle Pleistocene), Payre (ensemble D) (Late Pleistocene), Orgnac 3 (level 1) (Middle Pleistocene), Tourville-la-Rivière (level D1) (Middle Pleistocene)

Georgia: Dzudzuana Cave (lower area, Unit B) (Late Pleistocene)

Germany: Havelland, Lower Oder Valley, Untermassfeld (Early Pleistocene)

Greece: Lakonis Cave I (hearth complex) (Late Pleistocene), Lakonis Cave I (upper bone breccia) (Late Pleistocene), Lakonis Cave I (lower bone breccia) (Late Pleistocene)

Hungary: Oltovâny Castle (Holocene)

India: Savandurga State Forest (monsoon), Savandurga State Forest (winter), Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Valparai Plateau, Similipal Tiger Reserve (camera traps), Dachigam National Park, Takalghat (Holocene), Naikund (Holocene), Girawad (Holocene), Khirsara (layer 1) (Holocene), Khirsara (layer 2) (Holocene), Malvan (Period I) (Holocene), Malvan (Period II) (Holocene), Bharatpur and Jagannathprasad, Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary (good habitat area), Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary (poor habitat area), Kunal - Period IB (Early Harappan - Layer 5) (Holocene), Mitathal (Layer 1) (Holocene), Mitathal (Layer 2) (Holocene), Chandankhera (Period III: Satavahana) (Holocene), Agiabir (Period I - Narhan culture) (Holocene), Kotada Bhadli (Holocene)

Indonesia: PT Asiatic Persada oil palm, Acacia mangium plantation, Bawean Island (wet season), Bawean Island (dry season), Braholo Cave (Excavation Unit G6, Assemblage 2) (Late Pleistocene), Braholo Cave (Excavation Unit G6, Assemblage 1) (Holocene), Ngalau Gupin-A (Middle Pleistocene), Ngalau Gupin-B (Middle Pleistocene)

Iran: Lar Protected Area, Wezmeh Cave (Late Pleistocene), Golestan National Park, Kobeh Cave (Late Pleistocene), Tappeh Sang-e Chakhmaq (East Mound) (Holocene), Qasr-e Ahmad (Holocene)

Iraq: Palegawra Cave (Late Pleistocene)

Israel: Shikma Biosphere Zone (spring), Shikma Biosphere Zone (summer), Shikma Biosphere Zone (winter), Manot Cave (Area D, Biogenic Unit) (Late Pleistocene), Motza (Early PPNB) (Holocene), Motza (Middle PPNB) (Holocene), Tel Ro'im West (Late PPNB) (Holocene), Tel Ro'im West (PPNC) (Holocene), Tel Ro'im West (PN) (Holocene), Yiftah'el (Holocene), Marj Rabba (Holocene), El-Wad Cave (Early Natufian) (Late Pleistocene), El-Wad Cave (Late Natufian) (Late Pleistocene), Revadim Quarry Area B (Middle Pleistocene), Qesem Cave Hearth unit (Middle Pleistocene), Qesem Cave LSBS (Middle Pleistocene), Ein Gev I (Late Pleistocene)

Italy: Caverna degli Orsi (sondage A, Unit 11.2) (Late Pleistocene), Cava Muracci (Late Pleistocene), Riparo Biarzo (SU 5) (Late Pleistocene), Riparo Biarzo (SU 4 + 3B) (Holocene), Riparo Biarzo (SU 3A) (Holocene), Mondeval de Sora (SU 8) (Holocene), Mondeval de Sora (SU 31) (Holocene), San Teodoro Cave (Unit B-I) (Late Pleistocene), San Teodoro Cave (Unit B-II) (Late Pleistocene), Canale delle Acque Alte (Layer D-E3) (Late Pleistocene), Canale delle Acque Alte (Layer A) (Holocene), La Sassa Cave (Late Pleistocene), Contrada Castro (Period A) (Holocene), Contrada Castro (Period B) (Holocene), Casal Selce 2 (Middle Pleistocene), Isernia La Pineta (3 colluvio level) (Middle Pleistocene), Capalbiaccio (Building J, Level III) (Holocene), Grotta Cucgiliana (Late Pleistocene), Casal de'Pazzi (Middle Pleistocene)

Japan: Mt. Ohdaigahara (eastern area), Fujiyoshida City, Yukiiri Fureainosato Park (autumn 2000), Yukiiri Fureainosato Park (winter 2001), Yukiiri Fureainosato Park (spring 2001), Yukiiri Fureainosato Park (summer 2001), Hotohama (2010 - 2011), Hotohama (2011 - 2012), Torihama (Holocene), Matsugae (Middle Pleistocene)

Jordan: Wadi Taiyiba (WT6) (Late Pleistocene), Ayn Qasiyya (Area A) (Late Pleistocene), Khirbat al-Mudayna al-'Aliya (Holocene)

Kazakhstan: Begash (Phase 2) (Holocene), Begash (Phase 3a) (Holocene), Begash (Phase 3b) (Holocene), Begash (Phase 4) (Holocene)

Kenya: Usenge 3 (Kansyore) (Holocene)

Laos: Tam Ngu Hao 2 (Middle Pleistocene)

Lebanon: Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve (spring), Moghr el-Ahwal Cave 3 (Phases F & E) (Late Pleistocene)

Malaysia: Merapoh, Jerangau Forest Reserve, Krau Wildlife Reserve (fruit garden), Krau Wildlife Reserve (control), North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest, Jenut Bayek, Jenut Wan Bulan and Fruiting Area, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Sungai Lalang Forest Reserve, Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Bukit Cerakah Forest Reserve, Bangi Forest Reserve, Tasek Bera (2014), Endau Rompin National Park

Mongolia: Zaraa Uul (Locus 2) (Holocene), Zaraa Uul (Locus 3) (Holocene)

Morocco: Gazelle Cave (upper level) (Late Pleistocene), Zouhrah Cave (L 0) (Late Pleistocene), Zouhrah Cave (L s1) (Late Pleistocene), Zouhrah Cave (L 1) (Late Pleistocene), Zouhrah Cave (L 2) (Late Pleistocene), Zouhrah Cave (L 3) (Pleistocene - Holocene)

Myanmar: Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary (Outside the Core), Naungmung and Machanbaw Townships, Kweenkoh, Mae Nyaw Kee South

North Korea: Chongphadae Cave (Late Pleistocene)

Papua New Guinea: Balof Shelter (Horizon I) (Holocene)

Poland: Sadowie 2 (Neolithic) (Holocene), Sadowie 2 (Early Bronze Age) (Holocene)

Portugal: Picareiro Cave (Layer D) (Holocene), Picareiro Cave (Layer E - Top) (Pleistocene - Holocene), Picareiro Cave (Layer E - Middle) (Late Pleistocene), Picareiro Cave (Layer E - Lower) (Late Pleistocene), Picareiro Cave (Layer F) (Late Pleistocene), Picareiro Cave (Layer G) (Late Pleistocene), Vale do Mouro (Stage 2) (Holocene), Vale do Mouro (Stage 3) (Holocene), Gruta de Figueira Brava (Area C) (Late Pleistocene)

Romania: Noviodunum (TPF sector, Getic period) (Holocene), Noviodunum (TPF sector, Roman period) (Holocene), Noviodunum (TPF sector, Middle Ages) (Holocene)

Russia: Geographical Society Cave (Late Pleistocene), Mezmaiskaya Cave (Layer 2B) (Late Pleistocene), Mezmaiskaya Cave (Layer 2) (Late Pleistocene)

Serbia: Garicin Grad (southeast corner tower, first phase) (Holocene), Garicin Grad (southeast corner tower, second phase) (Holocene)

Spain: Larraga, El Horno Cave (Level 2) (Late Pleistocene), Cueva del Angel (Late Pleistocene), Cueva de Nerja (Last Glacial Maximum) (Late Pleistocene), Cueva de Nerja (Tardiglacial) (Late Pleistocene), Cueva de Nerja (Early Holocene) (Holocene), El Mirón Cave (Azilian) (Holocene), El Mirón Cave (Final Magdalenian) (Pleistocene - Holocene), El Mirón Cave (Upper Magdalenian) (Late Pleistocene), El Mirón Cave (Middle Magdalenian) (Late Pleistocene), La Fragua Cave (Level 1) (Holocene), La Fragua Cave (Level 2) (Holocene), La Fragua Cave (Level 4) (Late Pleistocene), El Cierro Cave (Level B) (Holocene), El Cierro Cave (Level D) (Late Pleistocene), Fortress of Vilars (sector 7/1) (Holocene), Fortress of Vilars (sector 7/3) (Holocene), Bolomor Cave (Level IV) (Middle Pleistocene), Punta Lucero III (Level F) (Holocene), Can Roqueta II (Holocene), Gran Dolina (TD6.3) (Early Pleistocene)

Sri Lanka: Fa-Hien Lena Cave (Phase A) (Holocene), Fa-Hien Lena Cave (Phase B) (Holocene), Fa-Hien Lena Cave (Phase C) (Late Pleistocene), Fa-Hien Lena Cave (Phase D) (Late Pleistocene)

Syria: Tell Tuneinir (Area 6 - Market) (Holocene)

Taiwan: Nanzihshian (camera traps, April)

Thailand: Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary, Khao Yai National Park, Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Cave of the Monk (Area 1) (Late Pleistocene), Ban Rai rockshelter (Holocene), Tham Lod rockshelter (Unit 1) (Late Pleistocene), Tham Lod rockshelter (Unit 2) (Late Pleistocene), Tham Lod rockshelter (Unit 3) (Late Pleistocene)

Tunisia: Doukanet el Khoutifa (Holocene), Zita Area III, Square I (Roman period) (Holocene), Meninx (Holocene)

Turkey: Yaylacik Research Forest, Marmaris, Ciglikara Nature Reserve, Barhal Stream, Koycegiz Wildlife Development Reserve, Göbekli Tepe (Enclosure D) (Holocene), Ulucak Höyük (Level VI) (Holocene), Ulucak Höyük (Level V) (Holocene), Ulucak Höyük (Level IV) (Holocene), Direkli Cave (Holocene)

Turkmenistan: Ojakly (Holocene)

Ukraine: Prolom II (Late Pleistocene), Mirnoe (Holocene), Grot Skeliastyi (III-3B) (Late Pleistocene), Grot Skeliastyi (III-3) (Late Pleistocene), Grot Skeliastyi (III-3-x) (Late Pleistocene), Buran-Kaya III Layer 4 (Late Pleistocene), Maidanetske (2013 season) (Holocene), Medzhibozh 1 (horizon 16a) (Middle Pleistocene)

United Arab Emirates: Early ed-Dur (50 BC - 150 AD) (Holocene)

United States: Kleberg County, Davis Mountain Preserve, Meyer Cave (Holocene), Bull Neck Swamp Research Forest

Uruguay: Rivera (gallery forest), Rivera (plantation), Rivera (grassland)

Uzbekistan: Kara-tepe (Holocene), Kyzyltepa (Holocene)

Vietnam: Duoi U'Oi (Late Pleistocene), Hiem Cave (Holocene), An Son (Holocene), Lang Trang (Cave II, breccia 5) (Late Pleistocene), Coc Muoi (Middle Pleistocene)

Size measurements:
♀ body mass52163 kgN = 1Kurz and Marchinton 1972
♀ body mass61235 kgN = 1Kurz and Marchinton 1972
♀ body mass52163 kgN = 1Kurz and Marchinton 1972
♂ body mass56699 kgN = 1Kurz and Marchinton 1972
♂ body mass61235 kgN = 1Kurz and Marchinton 1972
♂ body mass54431 kgN = 1Kurz and Marchinton 1972
♂ body mass61225 kgN = 1Kurz and Marchinton 1972
♂ body mass50200 kgN = 5Sakai et al. 2003

See also Sus, Sus arvernensis, Sus barbatus, Sus celebensis, Sus lydekkeri, Sus peii, Sus sp., Sus spp., Sus strozzii, Sus verrucosus, Sus xiaozhu